THE ANTIBIOTICS

The antibiotics may be divided, for practical purposes, into two main categories. Those included in the first category comprises the penicillins, erythromycin, streptomycin, the tetracyclines and chloramphenicol. Although the indications for oral use of chloramphenicol are restricted, it has a place in the treatment of topical infections and is conveniently described alongside the tetrcyclines.

The second category consists of those antibiotics in less common use either because the indications for them are more limited or because they are deliberately kept reserve. While the majority of infections can now be controlled by penicillins, streptomycin, or the tetracyclines, there are special circumstances in which other antibiotics are required, either because of insensitivity of the organism or hypersensitivity of the patient. The antibiotics which may have an important part to play in these circumstances can be classified as follows:

1.      Antibiotics mainly effective against gram-positive bacteria

    Fucidin

    Lincomycin

    Bacitracin

2.      Antibiotics mainly effective against gram-negative bacteria

    Kanamycin, gentamycin and neomycin

    Cycloserine

    Colistin and polymyxin

3.      Antibiotic effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

    Cephaloridine

4.      Antibiotics effective against fungi

    Nystatin

    Griseofulvin

    Amphotericin B.

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