CESTODES (Tapeworms)

Cestodes are ribbon-shaped worms which inhabi the human intestinal tract. They have no alimentary system and absorb nutrition through the surface. The anterior end, or scolex, is provided with suckers for attachment to the host. From the scolex arises a series of progressively developing segments, the proglottides, which when shed may continue to show active movements for some time. Ova, present in large numbers in mature proglottides, remain viable for  weeks and during this period they may be consumed by the intermediate host. The larvae liberated from the ova pass into the tissues of the intermediate host, and the human disease is acquired by eating undercooked beef infected with Cysticercus bovis, the larval stage of Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), undercooked pork containing Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval stage of T. solium (pork tapeworm), or undercooked fresh water fish containing larvae of Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm). The adult cestode may produce little or no intestinal upset in human beings, but knowledge of its presence, by noting segments of the worm in the faeces or on underclothing, may distress the patient. Infection with a tapeworm is easily proved by the finding of segments or, less commonly, ova on microscopic examination of the stool.

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